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Dec 22, 2017 SSH Tunnel Manager lets you easily create network 'tunnels' in situations where you cannot connect to some device but have a way to connect to as server nearby using SSH. It uses the ssh command bundled with the system.
-->- Jun 26, 2020 Basic SSH Commands. SSH comes with a range of commands you can use to connect and interact with your server. Once you’ve looked into your server via the command line, you simply type in SSH commands in the same way you would do if you were using.
- Download Prime Tunnel VPN - Free SSH/HTTP/SSL VPN APK latest version 3.3.0 - techoragon.ssh.vpn - High speed ssh ssl vpn free internet for all countries.
- SSH Tunnel Manager lets you easily create network 'tunnels' in situations where you cannot connect to some device but have a way to connect to as server nearby using SSH. It uses the ssh command bundled with the system. What's new in SSH Tunnel Manager Version 2.2.7.
- I purchased SSH Tunnel a while back and today switched to Core Tunnel after getting the EOL notice for SSH Tunnel. Its a good app - bought a lifetime license within an hour. My only suggestion would be for the developer to add a time-limit to tunnels when using the unpaid version, to encourage support of the paid version. Maybe five hours.
This quickstart shows how to install Jenkins on an Ubuntu Linux VM with the tools and plug-ins configured to work with Azure. When you're finished, you have a Jenkins server running in Azure building a sample Java app from GitHub.
Prerequisites
- Access to SSH on your computer's command line (such as the Bash shell or PuTTY)
Create the Jenkins VM from the solution template
Jenkins supports a model where the Jenkins server delegates work to one or more agents to allow a single Jenkins installation to host a large number of projects or to provide different environments needed for builds or tests. The steps in this section guide you through installing and configuring a Jenkins server on Azure.
- In your browser, open the Azure Marketplace image for Jenkins.
- Select GET IT NOW.
- After reviewing the pricing details and terms information, select Continue.
- Select Create to configure the Jenkins server in the Azure portal.
- In the Basics tab, specify the following values:
- Name - Enter
Jenkins
. - User name - Enter the user name to use when signing in to the virtual machine on which Jenkins is running. The user name must meet specific requirements.
- Authentication type - Select SSH public key.
- SSH public key - Copy and paste an RSA public key in single-line format (starting with
ssh-rsa
) or multi-line PEM format. You can generate SSH keys using ssh-keygen on Linux and macOS, or PuTTYGen on Windows. For more information about SSH keys and Azure, see the article, How to Use SSH keys with Windows on Azure. - Subscription - Select the Azure subscription into which you want to install Jenkins.
- Resource group - Select Create new, and enter a name for the resource group that serves as a logical container for the collection of resources that make up your Jenkins installation.
- Location - Select East US.
- Select OK to proceed to the Additional Settings tab.
- In the Additional Settings tab, specify the following values:
- Size - Select the appropriate sizing option for your Jenkins virtual machine.
- VM disk type - Specify either HDD (hard-disk drive) or SSD (solid-state drive) to indicate which storage disk type is allowed for the Jenkins virtual machine.
- Virtual network - (Optional) Select Virtual network to modify the default settings.
- Subnets - Select Subnets, verify the information, and select OK.
- Public IP address - The IP address name defaults to the Jenkins name you specified in the previous page with a suffix of -IP. You can select the option to change that default.
- Domain name label - Specify the value for the fully qualified URL to the Jenkins virtual machine.
- Jenkins release type - Select the desired release type from the options:
LTS
,Weekly build
, orAzure Verified
. TheLTS
andWeekly build
options are explained in the article, Jenkins LTS Release Line. TheAzure Verified
option refers to a Jenkins LTS version that has been verified to run on Azure. - JDK Type - JDK to be installed. Default is Zulu tested, certified builds of OpenJDK.
- Select OK to proceed to the Integration Settings tab.
- In the Integration Settings tab, specify the following values:
- Service Principal - The service principal is added into Jenkins as a credential for authentication with Azure.
Auto
means that the principal will be created by MSI (Managed Service Identity).Manual
means that the principal should be created by you.- Application ID and Secret - If you select the
Manual
option for the Service Principal option, you'll need to specify theApplication ID
andSecret
for your service principal. When creating a service principal, note that the default role is Contributor, which is sufficient for working with Azure resources.
- Application ID and Secret - If you select the
- Enable Cloud Agents - Specify the default cloud template for agents where
ACI
refers to Azure Container Instance, andVM
refers to virtual machines. You can also specifyNo
if you don't wish to enable a cloud agent.
- Service Principal - The service principal is added into Jenkins as a credential for authentication with Azure.
- Select OK to proceed to the Summary tab.
- When the Summary tab displays, the information entered is validated. Once you see the Validation passed message (at the top of the tab), select OK.
- When the Create tab displays, select Create to create the Jenkins virtual machine. When your server is ready, a notification displays in the Azure portal.
Connect to Jenkins
- Navigate to your virtual machine (for example,
http://jenkins2517454.eastus.cloudapp.azure.com/
) in your web browser. The Jenkins console is inaccessible through unsecured HTTP so instructions are provided on the page to access the Jenkins console securely from your computer using an SSH tunnel. - Set up the tunnel using the
ssh
command on the page from the command line, replacingusername
with the name of the virtual machine admin user chosen earlier when setting up the virtual machine from the solution template. - After you have started the tunnel, navigate to
http://localhost:8080/
on your local machine. - Get the initial password by running the following command in the command line while connected through SSH to the Jenkins VM.
- Unlock the Jenkins dashboard for the first time using this initial password.
- Select Install suggested plugins on the next page and then create a Jenkins admin user used to access the Jenkins dashboard.
The Jenkins server is now ready to build code.
Create your first job
- Select Create new jobs from the Jenkins console, then name it mySampleApp and select Freestyle project, then select OK.
- Select the Source Code Management tab, enable Git, and enter the following URL in Repository URL field:
https://github.com/spring-guides/gs-spring-boot.git
- Select the Build tab, then select Add build step, Invoke Gradle script. Select Use Gradle Wrapper, then enter
complete
in Wrapper location andbuild
for Tasks. - Select Advanced and then enter
complete
in the Root Build script field. Select Save.
Build the code
- Select Build Now to compile the code and package the sample app. When your build completes, select the Workspace link for the project.
- Navigate to
complete/build/libs
and ensure thegs-spring-boot-0.1.0.jar
is there to verify that your build was successful. Your Jenkins server is now ready to build your own projects in Azure.
Troubleshooting the Jenkins solution template
If you encounter any bugs with the Jenkins solution template, file an issue in the Jenkins GitHub repo.
Next Steps
Learning how to use SSH to access your WordPress site is something you may not have considered. For most WordPress users, the most familiar way to connect to your site will be via the WordPress dashboard and admin screens, combined with SFTP and phpMyAdmin to access the database.
But SSH might just prove to be one of the most valuable tools in your WordPress toolbelt.
If you want to speed up your workflow, you’ll find that learning how to use SSH to connect to your WordPress site will make you more efficient.
In this post, we’ll show you how to do it.
What is SSH?
First, let’s start by identifying what SSH is and when you might use it.
SSH means ‘Secure Shell’. The SSH specs define it as:
“A protocol for secure remote login and other secure network services over an insecure network.”
This means you can use it to access your WordPress site remotely, from any computer and regardless of where your site is hosted, as long as you have the login credentials. Using this method is inherently secure.
SSH is designed to provide secure login, so you can be confident no one can access your connection while you are using it. It’s also quick and easy to use once you’ve got the hang of it. And if you want to interact with the WordPress REST API, it’s one way to send commands.
To connect to your server via SSH, you’ll need two things:
- An interface.
- Login credentials.
If you’re running Linux or macOS, you have an interface built into your operating system, so you don’t need to install an SSH client. But if you’re running Windows, you’ll need to install a client. I’ll show you how to do that in this post.
Tools You Need to Connect to Your Site via SSH
To start, you’ll need to use either the terminal or an SSH client. These work in very similar ways.
Connecting via the Terminal on macOS or Linux
The Terminal is an application that comes with Linux or macOS, that allows you to use the command line to send commands, either to your machine or to a remote server.
It isn’t a graphical interface so you won’t be using a mouse. Instead, you type in text commands. For a first-time user, it can be little disconcerting, as you’re probably used to seeing visual representations of your commands. But once you get used to it, you’ll find it quicker.
If you worked with computers in the days before graphical user interfaces, using systems such as Microsoft’s MS-DOS, you might be familiar with this kind of interface. The good news is that the Terminal gives you many more options than MS-DOS did!
To open the Terminal on Mac, open Spotlight and type Terminal. You can also access it via Applications > Utilities.
To open Terminal on Linux, find it in the Applications menu. If it isn’t immediately obvious, type Terminal into the prompt to find it.
Connecting via an SSH Client on Windows
An SSH client is a program that you’ll need to install if you’re running Windows, in order to connect via SSH.
The most popular SSH client is PuTTY. You’ll need to download and install that before you can access your site from Windows.
Download PuTTY
Installing the Putty SSH Client on Windows
Start by going to the PuTTY download page.
From here, choose the package that corresponds to your version of Windows. If you aren’t sure whether to download the 32-bit or 64-bit version, check out the FAQ page. If in doubt, the 32-bit version is the safer option.
Click on one of the two options under MSI (‘Windows Installer’). The file will download to your machine and run the installer.
Once PuTTY has installed, open it and you can then use it to connect to your site.
How to Connect to Your Server via the Command Line
Once you’ve found or installed the Terminal or an SSH client, the next step is to connect to your remote site.
In either Terminal or an SSH client, you use the command line to connect and send commands to your server. That’s the terminology I’ll use from now on, instead of referring to Terminal or an SSH client.
To do this, you’ll need four pieces of information:
- Server address.
- Username.
- Password.
- Port.
The server address is usually your domain name or IP address. If your site is hosted with Kinsta, use your IP address.
The username and password will be your FTP username and password, not the ones for your WordPress admin.
The port will be provided by your hosting provider. In some cases, a default port is used, but for extra security at Kinsta, we use different ports for different sites.
In MyKinsta, you can find the details by selecting your site and finding the SFTP/SSH section of the Info screen.
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MyKinsta SSH
Just copy this and paste it into the command line.
Once you’ve done that, you will be prompted for your password. Copy that from MyKinsta and you’ll be given access to your server.
You’ll see a screen that looks something like this:
If you’re not with Kinsta hosting, your screen will look a little different, but will still give you access to your server.
How to Use SSH to Interact with Your Site
Now you can start using SSH to interact with your server and your site. There are a number of SSH commands you can use as well as the commands provided by the WordPress Command Line Interface (WP-CLI).
SSH is a very powerful tool and if you aren’t careful, you could break your site. It will let you add and delete files, so if you enter the wrong command, you could lose content or delete all your images, for example. Always use it with caution and make sure you backup your site before using it.
Basic SSH Commands
SSH comes with a range of commands you can use to connect and interact with your server.
Once you’ve looked into your server via the command line, you simply type in SSH commands in the same way you would do if you were using Terminal to interact with your own computer.
Let’s take a look at some of the most useful SSH commands you could start using.
The ls Command
Use the
ls
command to get a list of the files and directories in your current location. You can add more to the command to get more information:ls -l
displays the details of the files, such as size, modified date and time, the owner, and the permissions.ls -a
shows hidden files and directories.
The ls command
The cd Command
Use the
cd
command to change directories. You’ll be taken to the new directory and the command line will indicate where you are:You can then use
ls
again to find out what’s in the new directory.You can use
cd
to move down more than one directory or to move up or across directories. To go up, enter two dots after cd
like this:And to go to a specific directory, type the full directory path such as:
The mkdir Command
Use the
mkdir
command to create a new directory. So if I’m in the themes directory, I could create a new directory for a new theme:The touch Command
Once I’ve created my new directory, I could add a new file to it using the touch command:
The cat Command
To display the contents of a file, use the
cat
command.The cat command
The rm Command
Use the
rm
command to remove a file or folder. Use with caution, as this can’t be undone:The cp Command
The
cp
command is used to copy files and folders. You need to provide the name of the file or folder and the location where you want to copy it.You can also add options at the beginning of the command, but don’t need to. So to copy the footer.php file from one theme to another when you’re in the wp-content directory, you would use this:
Don’t add a name for the destination file. If you do, and there’s already a file with that name at that destination, then the file will be overwritten with the contents of the file you’re copying.
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If you don’t include a filename in the detonation and that file already exists, then you will get an error message and the copy won’t take place.
I’ve already mentioned that there are some optional elements you can add at the beginning of this command. These are:
-f
: if you don’t have write permission for the destination file, it’ll be deleted and the command will create a new file.-u
: copy the source file only if it is newer than the destination file.-n
: will not overwrite an existing file.-a
: archive the files.-R
: for folders only, copy all the files and folders inside that folder.
The mv Command
As an alternative to copying a file, you can move it using the
mv
command. For this, you just provide the source and destination: there are no options.This will remove the footer.php file from theme1 and move it to theme2. If you do this with a folder, it will always move the files and folders within that directory too.
You can find information about more SSH commands in the SSH documentation.
Using WP-CLI to Interact with Your Site
In addition to the standard SSH commands, WordPress also gives you the WP-CLI interface, which provides even more commands. This includes interacting with files and folders, the admin options, and your database.
With Kinsta, WP-CLI comes with your hosting and you can start using it straight away. If your hosting provider doesn’t give your WP-CLI, you can install it by following the steps in this guide to WP-CLI.
Testing and Troubleshooting Your SSH Connection
Sometimes you might find that SSH doesn’t behave in the way you want it to. Either you can’t connect, or the command you’ve used doesn’t work in the way you expect.
If that happens, try some of these troubleshooting tips.
If You Can’t Connect Through SSH
If you can’t connect to your server, take a look at any error messages or prompts that the command line gives you. Sometimes you’ll have to reply to a yes/no prompt or fix a typo in your command.
If that doesn’t work, check that the login credentials you provided are correct. You will be able to get these from the Info page for your site in MyKinsta. Other hosting providers will probably have an SSH section in cPanel or whichever dashboard they’re using.
If you’ve tried again and it still doesn’t work, try resetting your SSH password. Check that your internet connection is working and there isn’t a firewall preventing you from accessing your server. If in doubt, close Terminal or your SSH client down and open it up again.
Log in to your hosting account and check that there aren’t any server issues preventing you from gaining access. If you’re with Kinsta, go to our system status page to find out if anything isn’t working.
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If you’re on a public network, it may not allow SSH access to your port. Try testing it with other ports that you know are working.
If all else fails, open a support ticket with your hosting provider who will be able to access logs and work out why you haven’t been able to connect.
If Your SSH Commands Don’t Work as They Should
Another common problem is for an SSH command not to work in the way you expect it to. This is normally due to the command being entered incorrectly.
Here’s an example where I typed
is
instead of ls
:Inputting a typo in Terminal
Here, I’m presented with an error warning (
command not found
) so I try again, with the correct command.Ssh Using Ssh Tunnel App On Mac Developer Tools Mac
Sometimes you might type the command correctly but get the parameters wrong. If this is the case, check the SSH documentation for SSH commands and the WP-CLI documentation for WP-CLI commands.
If your SSH commands don’t work because the connection isn’t working, you will see an error message telling you this. The command line constantly provides you with information on what’s going on, which is one of its benefits. In fact, it often gives you more and clearer information that a graphical interface.
How to Generate a New SSH Key Pair for Extra Security
Generating an SSH key pair adds an extra layer of security when compared to using your username and password to connect to SSH. You do it from within the Terminal or your SSH client. Here’s how.
Generating a key pair involves three steps:
- Generate the key pair in Terminal or in your SSH client.
- Add the key pair to your hosting account – in MyKinsta you do this via the User Settings screens.
- Connect to your server in Terminal or your SSH client using the key pair.
You can find full instructions on doing this in our guide to generating SSH key pairs for macOS, Linux, and Windows.
Summary
Using SSH to connect to your server and your WordPress site will make you more efficient than relying on the WordPress admin interface, FTP, and even phpMyAdmin.
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Follow the steps above to connect to your server via SSH and you’ll find you can do more on your site without having to switch between applications or browser windows.
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Now it’s your turn: what’s your preferred terminal command you use on a daily basis? Let us know in the comments!
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